Abstract
In this article, the camera settings for high-speed imaging of the arc, metal transfer, and weld pool in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) are investigated. The results show that by only changing camera exposure times and the selection of narrow bandpass filters, images that reveal features of the arc such as the iron vapor-dominated region, metal transfer and weld pool behavior can be produced without the need for external light sources. Using the images acquired, the arc length was measured and the relationship between arc length and arc voltage is discussed. The results show that for low values of current, the measured welding voltage increases with increasing arc length; however, for high current values, the arc voltage increases even though the measured arc length becomes shorter. It is suggested that the increase in arc voltage for high values of welding current is due to the increased evaporation of the wire electrode which decreases the plasma temperature and consequently the arc plasma electrical conductivity.
Highlights
IntroductionThe author pointed out that the arc length—defined as the distance from the tip of the welding electrode to the adjacent surface of the weld pool [2,3]—is obsolete and meaningless
In a recent publication, Egerland [1] initiated a discussion on the definition of arc length in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and the relationship between arc length and welding arc voltage.The author pointed out that the arc length—defined as the distance from the tip of the welding electrode to the adjacent surface of the weld pool [2,3]—is obsolete and meaningless
The lens aperture was fixed at f/22, and the high-speed camera recording the arc at a frequency of 5000 frames per second, synchronized with a data acquisition system (DAQ) which was recording the welding current and voltage at a frequency of
Summary
The author pointed out that the arc length—defined as the distance from the tip of the welding electrode to the adjacent surface of the weld pool [2,3]—is obsolete and meaningless. This is especially apparent when one considers the whole range of arc welding processes that are currently available, such as advanced pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) processes, controlled metal transfer [4,5], and some of the transfer modes observed in constant voltage GMAW such as streaming and rotating spray [6,7].
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