Abstract
In this case the individuals are considered as representatives of the whole series, without any regard to the descent of each. It may therefore well be that, from a biological point of view, two series having the same degree of variability of the component individuals are quite distinct. In one extreme case we may imagine the population as consisting of a number of entirely distinct lines of descent, in which each line represents a particular type. Then by grouping together the individuals of each type, we obtain a series of types different among themselves, which would indicate the heterogeneity of the types that enter into the constitution of the whole population. In the other extreme case we may imagine all the lines of descent composing the population to represent the same ancestral strain. Obviously in this case every single ancestral line would be representative of the whole population, and the averages of all the different lines would be the same.
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