Abstract

• Transformation product depending on cooling rate was understood from the perspective of crystallography. • Ideal variant pairing occurred at nose temperature of bainite transformation curve induced more HAGBs. • Large driving force and local carbon enrichment contributed to an ideal variant pairing in transformation product. Crystallographic features of transformation product were investigated in a high strength low alloy steel as a function of the cooling rate. The results showed that phase transformation occurring at the nose temperature of bainite transformation curve was most likely to obtain the highest density of high angle grain boundaries and fraction of V1/V2 variant pair. This was attributed to the ideal variant pairing in the transformation product triggered by the relatively large driving force and local carbon enrichment in the latter-transformed austenite. These findings would be instructive for the optimization of transformation product in low alloy steels via controlling the cooling rate.

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