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Abstract
This paper focuses on the investigation of modal characteristics and sensing properties of long period grating photonic crystal fibers (LPG-PCFs). An improved effective index method is employed with an objective to study its limitations for various designs of LPG-PCFs. Results so obtained with the above method are compared with the corresponding values of multiple multipole (MMP) method results which points the range of validity and applicability of the improved effective index method to LPG-PCFs. It is shown that this method is excellent when the surrounding media is assumed to be air. However, it becomes less accurate when the fiber is immersed into a liquid with a refractive index close to that of the cladding.
Highlights
The development of long-period grating (LPG) has had a significant impact on fiber optic sensing
This paper focuses on the investigation of modal characteristics and sensing properties of long period grating photonic crystal fibers (LPG-PCFs)
An improved effective index method is employed with an objective to study its limitations for various designs of Long Period Gratings Photonic Crystal Fiber (LPG-PCF)
Summary
The development of long-period grating (LPG) has had a significant impact on fiber optic sensing. Examples of chemical sensors for sugar [7], aromatic compounds [8], and hydrocarbons [9] based on the detection of refractive index change using LPGs have been presented in the literature In these applications, direct sensing was used to detect changes in the refractive index of mixtures in a region close to the refractive index of the fiber cladding, which is the most sensitive interval. Because of the wide range of applications mentioned above, there is a growing interest in optical refractive index sensors Those based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) or fiber gratings are probably the most attractive ones since they offer high sensitivity, stable wavelengthmodulated information, and broad measuring range. We make a quantitative investigation of this technique and we discuss their limitations for various designs of LPG-PCFs by comparing its results to those obtained by multipole method (MMP) implemented by Cudos Mof [22]
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