On the use of conservative formulation of energy equation in hybrid compressible lattice Boltzmann method

Abstract

Effect of density variations on mass conservation properties is widely recognized in the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), thus non-conservative form of scalar transport equation was commonly adopted within the framework of hybrid LBM. Focusing on the compressible hybrid LBM, mass conservation and its effect on energy conservation equation are studied in this paper. Starting from the analysis on mass conservation law recovered by LBM, the consistency between conservative and non-conservative formulations of energy conservation equation based on various thermodynamic variables and lattice Boltzmann equation is addressed. Driven by the theoretical analysis, a set of modified consistent energy equations in entropy and internal energy form is derived to reduce the error terms and improve the consistency. The theoretical analysis and modified energy equations are intensively evaluated by several numerical test cases, e.g., the isentropic vortex convection, three-dimensional compressible Taylor-Green vortex and shock-vortex interaction.