Abstract
Large-scale three-dimensional turbulence is a challenge to researchers, being one of the most complicated aspects of turbulence studies. The universal large scales behavior connected with the inverse energy cascade in two-dimensional turbulence has been known for about 35 years and studied experimentally and numerically. We have revealed the universality of three-dimensional large-scale turbulence properties experimentally and described it theoretically. A rigorous solution of this problem in the presence of an energy source gives scaling exponents −4/3 for velocity correlations and 1/3 for energy spectra of the large-scale turbulence. Such spectra are also observed in atmospheric air flows under different conditions—stable, convective, in cirrus clouds. The revealed physical phenomenon is important for the development of turbulence theory complementing the results obtained for its smaller scales.
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