On the trail of detecting genetic (co)variation between resistance to parasite infections (Diplectanum aequans and Lernanthropus kroyeri) and growth in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Abstract

The European seabass is one of the main commercial fish produced in Mediterranean marine aquaculture. Recently, its production has been negatively affected by losses due to frequent and recurring outbreaks of parasitic, bacterial and viral diseases. In recent years, the gill parasites Diplectanum aequans and Lernanthropus kroyeri are increasingly becoming more dominant and contributing more significantly to the observed losses. Genetic improvement for disease resistance represents an important strategy for controlling infectious diseases in farmed fish by increasing their robustness. In order to determine the possibility of including such trait in selective breeding programs, we need to comprehend whether additive genetic variation for resistance against Diplectanum aequans and Lernanthropus kroyeri exists. For this purpose, two open-sea parasite cohabitation trials (for two consecutive years) were performed in the commercial production sites of a private company (Nireus S.A), that had high infestation with Diplectanum aequans and Lernanthropus kroyeri. Juvenile European seabass (9425 offspring from 91 full-sib and half-sib families per year), originating from the company's breeding program were equally divided into two groups and transferred to two commercial farming sites located in the areas of Nafpactos and Sagiada, in western Greece, for the intended cohabitation studies. The parasite numbers on all the gill arches were counted and recorded at the end of the trials for the infestation levels. A third site (Palairos) without any parasite infestation was used as a control site. A multi-trait animal model was used to estimate the variance-covariance components and to evaluate the genetic parameters for Parasite Counts, recorded from all the gill arches of the fish, and their corresponding growth in sea cages. The estimated heritabilities for parasite count, using untransformed data, were 0.20 (D. aequans) and 0.28 (L. kroyeri) and for transformed data 0.29 and 0.26, respectively. The heritability estimates for body weight were 0.42−0.51 for D. aequans and 0.28−0.51 for L. kroyeri trials. Similarly, estimated heritabilities for the growth in sea cages were 0.43 and 0.29, respectively. Although parasite count has a low to medium unfavorable genetic correlation with body weight and growth (0.09−0.37), it seems that it is not significantly impairing selection for growth. Furthermore, the results of this study are very promising in terms of the existing potential for genetic improvement of parasite resistance, and provides a good basis for further genetic analysis using molecular markers.