Abstract
Venice is known for its urban heritage fragility. The city is experiencing an increase in yearly average temperatures affecting outdoor–indoor comfort and average energy expenditure. Owing to existing literature demonstrating how local microclimate depends on urban density, form, and materials, this investigation studies the influence of the changing local climate on Venetian vernacular open spaces, known as Campi. Based on the comparison of contemporary weather and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) future predictions for the 2050 scenario, this investigation highlights how Campi’s open spaces and the surrounding buildings, canals, and green public areas contribute to building climate resilience. By employing advanced modelling, the study analyses microclimate and outdoor comfort with respect to users’ perception of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). The ENVI-met tool is used to simulate the thermal behaviour of two representative Campi: SS. Giovanni e Paolo and S. Polo. Despite significant temperature growths, Venetian urban fabric characteristics seem to play a crucial role in strengthening the climate resilience of open spaces, thus preserving outdoor comfort quality in a warmer future. The analysis shows how the historical matrix of open spaces and buildings cooperate. Thus, this study offers a contribution to how built heritage should be considered in light of climate change.
Highlights
Global warming is likely to reach 1.5 ◦ C in 2030 [1,2]
According to Santamouris, “numerous studies have shown that global climatic change generating serious heatwave events may act synergistically relative to urban heat islands and further increase the magnitude of urban overheating during extreme climatic events” [4]
The comparison is concerned with the thermal comfort patterns for selected hours of the day, with special regard to h. 4 pm, when the worst thermal condition occurs, at the pedestrian level (1.5 m) for 2020 and 2050
Summary
Global warming is likely to reach 1.5 ◦ C in 2030 [1,2] These phenomena interplay with the Urban Heat Island (UHI) such that urban dwellers experience discomfort due to low-speed wind and thermal radiative exchange [3]. “numerous studies have shown that global climatic change generating serious heatwave events may act synergistically relative to urban heat islands and further increase the magnitude of urban overheating during extreme climatic events” [4]. Urban Form and Urban Resilience in Historical Cities. Historical cities’ resilience must be investigated thoroughly, as the link among microclimatic issues with urban form, surface-to-volume ratios, use patterns, and building materials needs to be studied
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