On the Shroer\u2013Sauer\u2013Ott\u2013Yorke Predictability Conjecture for Time-Delay Embeddings

Abstract

Shroer, Sauer, Ott and Yorke conjectured in 1998 that the Takens delay embedding theorem can be improved in a probabilistic context. More precisely, their conjecture states that if mu is a natural measure for a smooth diffeomorphism of a Riemannian manifold and k is greater than the information dimension of mu , then k time-delayed measurements of a one-dimensional observable h are generically sufficient for a predictable reconstruction of mu -almost every initial point of the original system. This reduces by half the number of required measurements, compared to the standard (deterministic) setup. We prove the conjecture for ergodic measures and show that it holds for a generic smooth diffeomorphism, if the information dimension is replaced by the Hausdorff one. To this aim, we prove a general version of predictable embedding theorem for injective Lipschitz maps on compact sets and arbitrary Borel probability measures. We also construct an example of a C^infty -smooth diffeomorphism with a natural measure, for which the conjecture does not hold in its original formulation.