On the Short-Term Creep and Recovery Behaviors of Injection Molded and Additive-Manufactured Tough Polylactic Acid Polymer

Abstract

The creep and recovery behaviors of a tough polylactic acid polymer are investigated experimentally and theoretically. We studied the influence of manufacturing methods and parameters on the viscoelastic responses. Experimental comparisons were carried out on 13 different samples manufactured using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and injection molding methods. The sample variations in the FDM were based on four infill densities (70-100%) and 3 infill directions (0^circ ,45^circ ,90^circ ). Theoretically, the Burgers and Weibull’s models are used to predict the creep and recovery responses of the samples. Our experimental findings suggest that the injection-molded samples perform better in creep for most of the cases. However, at higher stress loadings, the 90 and 100% infill density samples showed excellent creep resistance behaviors at the 90^circ infill direction. On the other hand, the theoretical creep and recovery predictions were based on the nonlinear least-squares regression method. The Burgers model predicted the creep responses with reasonable accuracies. A maximum of 5.83% mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was found for the 0° infill direction and 80% infill density sample. On the contrary, the model lacks accuracy in recovery strain predictions, showing an average of 173.15% MAPE for all studied samples. Introducing Weibull’s distribution improved the accuracies showing a 3.44% average MAPE for all samples.