On the Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding Strong Coupling Constant, Nuclear Stability Range, Binding Energy of Isotopes and Magic proton numbers – A Critical Review

U.V.S Seshavatharam,S Lakshminarayana

doi:10.15415/jnp.2019.6.02.0142-160

Abstract

On the Role of Large Nuclear Gravity in Understanding Strong Coupling Constant, Nuclear Stability Range, Binding Energy of Isotopes and Magic proton numbers – A Critical Review

Highlights

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) is a powerful analytical technique [1], which requires a reliable knowledge of ionization cross sections by charged particle impact and the subsequent process of characteristic X-ray emission, including the atomic parameters involved, such as fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, and relative emission rates [2]
Since the first half of the 20th century, hundreds of papers regarding the measurement of X-ray production cross sections (XRPCS) and derived ionization cross sections (ICS) have been published
The results of all these theoretical predictions are usually compared among them with the purpose of deciding whether one model or correction is more adequate to explain the experimental data. This requires using the aforementioned atomic parameters, which must be, in turn, either determined experimentally or calculated by some theoretical model [16]. Those estimates need the consideration of experimental uncertainties, which are not usually taken into account to check the validity of the theories

Summary

Introduction

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) is a powerful analytical technique [1], which requires a reliable knowledge of ionization cross sections by charged particle impact and the subsequent process of characteristic X-ray emission, including the atomic parameters involved, such as fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, and relative emission rates [2]. Since the first half of the 20th century, hundreds of papers regarding the measurement of X-ray production cross sections (XRPCS) and derived ionization cross sections (ICS) have been published This includes K-, L- and M-Xrays [3,4,5,6,7]. The results of all these theoretical predictions are usually compared among them with the purpose of deciding whether one model or correction is more adequate to explain the experimental data This requires using the aforementioned atomic parameters, which must be, in turn, either determined experimentally or calculated by some theoretical model [16]. Those estimates need the consideration of experimental uncertainties, which are not usually taken into account to check the validity of the theories. A description of how those uncertainties may prevent any definite conclusion about the validity of theoretical models or atomic parameters databases employed in the predictions, for K and L shells

X-ray production cross sections and atomic parameters databases

Conclusions