On the reliability of attenuation measurements from ambient noise cross-correlations

Abstract

[1] We compare spatially averaged Rayleigh wave attenuation between 10 and 18 sec period observed on the symmetric component of ambient noise cross-correlations with regional seismic event measurements observed by the USArray Transportable Array across the western US. The ambient noise attenuation measurements are shown to be consistent with attenuation observed following an earthquake in Nevada and a mining blast in Wyoming. We demonstrate that common ambient noise data processing procedures such as temporal normalization and spectral whitening can be retained as long as the amplitudes of the cross-correlations are corrected for (1) the duration of the ambient noise cross-correlation, (2) geometrical spreading, and (3) the azimuthal variation in the strength of ambient noise sources. Correction for time-series length can be achieved accurately by dividing the empirical Green's function by the squared root-mean-squared (rms) amplitude of the trailing noise. These results provide strong justification for the ability to constrain seismic attenuation using ambient noise. However, further study of the expected asymmetry in attenuation for waves approaching (incoming) or receding from (outgoing) a central station is needed to understand the effect of uneven noise source distribution prior to estimation of local variations in attenuation.