On the question of studyng dust-like formations in urban ecosystems

D T Ukarkhanova,A A Yurtaev,D V Moskovchenko

doi:10.19047/0136-1694-2020-104-241-269

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of urban residents are at risk due to unsatisfactory air quality and air pollution, which causes approximately 4.2 million deaths per year. The purpose of the work is to give an overview of scientific articles related to the dustiness of the city’s natural environments. The articles of foreign and Russian researchers were analyzed - the definition of urban road dust was given; the primary technogenic and natural sources of dust particle generation in the city, thephysical and chemical properties of road dust, their dependence on climate, the type of roads and city architecture, the effect of photolysis on physicalchemical characteristics of dust particles are reviewed as well. Particular attention is paid to the negative impact of dust particles PM2.5 and PM10 on human health and the environment. The question of the absence in Russian scientific practice an officially recognized methodology for the settled dust sampling with updating the regulatory documentation on the methodology for the sampling of fine particles suspended in the air is considered. Recommendations are given on the creation of the regulatory framework governing the sampling and analysis of road dust, which is confirmed by the numerous conclusions of both foreign and some domestic researchers as an environmental geo-indicator.

Highlights

INTRODUCTIONThe study of the role of microparticles in the formation of a comfortable and safe environment in cities is currently an urgent scientific and practical problem
The study of the role of microparticles in the formation of a comfortable and safe environment in cities is currently an urgent scientific and practical problem.Long-term studies performed by WHO confirm that high concentrations of airborne pollutants increase urban mortality
- non-exhaust sources are not related to vehicle emissions, while dust particles are formed during mechanical abrasion: tire wear, brakes and road surface and road dust suspension (Rogge et al, 1993);

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The study of the role of microparticles in the formation of a comfortable and safe environment in cities is currently an urgent scientific and practical problem. The amount and chemical composition of road dust depends on the intensity of roadside soils erosion, the volume of emissions from mobile sources, the abrasion of road surfaces and markings, tires and brake pads wear, the corrosion of vehicles metal parts, as well as the traffic conditions, including the speed limit and a number of manoeuvres associated with stopping (Murakami et al, 2007; Irvine et al, 2009; Nazzal et al, 2013). Numerous studies have tried to establish various aspects of this problem, both for home and outdoor dust: the number and size of dust particles in the environment of the house/street, the deposition rate on the surface of the house/city, the rate of transfer into the human body, sources and the chemical composition of house/street dust, effects on the behaviour of children living in urban areas with high levels of toxic chemicals, etc (Pope, 2009). Most studies in this region have established a correlation between increased concentrations of toxic elements in street dust and the observed frequency of a particular effect in a population, mainly the dustiness of cities is identified as one of the factors that increase the proportion of lung cancer patients (He et al, 2001; Hu et al, 2011)

STUDY METHODOLOGY

Method summary

Findings

CONCLUSION