On the Qingjinghaiyan jing of Zhang Shangying

Abstract

Dahui Zonggao (_??__??__??__??_) is famous as the Chan master who established “Kanhua-Chan (_??__??__??_)”. Dahui explains the structure of Kanhua-Chan by using the concepts of “shijue (_??__??_)” and “benjue (_??__??_)”, that appear in the Dacheng qixin lun (_??__??__??__??__??_). However Dahui quoted these terms not from the Dacheng qixin lun, but from another text, the Qingjinghaiyan jing (_??__??__??__??__??_) written by Zhang Shangying (_??__??__??_).First, we verify from the descriptions of the Shoulenyanjing zhizhangjie (_??__??__??__??__??__??_) and the Shoulenyanjing gelun (_??__??__??__??__??_) that the Suramgama-samadhi-nirdesa (_??__??__??_) is rewritten by Zhang Shangying as the Qingjinghaiyan jing. Next, we examine Dahui's intention to quote the words shijue (_??__??_) and benjue (_??__??_) from the Qingjinghaiyan Jing.It was only a part of the beginning of Suramgama-samadhi-nirdesa that Dahui quoted from the Qingjinghaiyan Jing. This part, that is rushi wo wen, yishi fo zai (_??__??__??__??_, _??__??__??__??_), is a sentence commom to every sutra, verifying that what follows is the true word of the Buddha. This was the main reason why Dahui quoted it.The real intention of Buddha for Dahui was that one must experience and master Awakening by himself. Then, Dahui strongly criticized the method of Mozhao Chan (_??__??__??_), which claims that we obtain original Buddhahood as it is. That was also the reason why Dahui put emphasis on Kanhua-Chan.