On the Production of Relativistic Runaway Electrons in Damavand Tokamak

Abstract

Experimental observations in Damavand tokamak show that hard X-ray is produced by either disruption with Ip 20 kA. Hard X-ray also persists from the initiation of plasma discharge to the end. Occurrence of multiple spikes in hard X-ray during the discharge is evident. The propagation of hard X-ray is attributed to runaway electrons. We observe runaway electrons in two regimes with different characteristics. Regime (RADI) is similar to the observations of other Tokamak during disruption on that the plasma current is reduced abruptly and interpreted by Dreicer theory. In the regime of RADII, hard X-ray and subsequently runaway electrons are observed from starting of plasma discharge which provides the condition that the most of runaway electrons contain the toroidal plasma current. Runaway electron beam excites whistler waves and scattered electrons in velocity space and prevent growing the runaway electrons beam.