Abstract
LuTan-1 (LT-1) is an innovative spaceborne radar Earth observation mission including two satellites equipped with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) which will be launched in 2022. Active phased array antennas that can be divided into two physical channels are equipped on each satellite. The signal can be transmitted through the full antenna without broadening and recorded by each channel. Therefore, two methods can be used to preprocess the dual-channel receiving signals, referred to as dual-channel echo reconstruction and dual-channel echo synthesis. The former is inherited from the traditional high-resolution wide-swath mode and the latter is a method that takes coherent superposition as the reference. This paper researches the impacts of the two methods in system performance and imaging quality. Principles and theoretical models are firstly given. Furthermore, the system performance under the “L1A_SM_S” working mode of the LT-1 is simulated to compare the differences between the two methods, which mainly focuses on azimuth ambiguity-to-signal ratio, noise equivalent sigma zero, and the performance of block adaptive quantization. Afterwards, the test data acquired by the ground validation system of the LT-1 are used for the hardware-in-the-loop simulation to demonstrate the imaging quality between the two methods. Finally, a quantitative comparison is given.
Highlights
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can provide remote sensing abilities during the day and night regardless of weather conditions, so it plays an important role in Earth and planetary observation [1,2]
The active phased array antennas, which can be divided into two physical channels, are equipped on each satellite
The differences between the two methods on the system performance and imaging quality are shown
Summary
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can provide remote sensing abilities during the day and night regardless of weather conditions, so it plays an important role in Earth and planetary observation [1,2]. The ability of SAR satellites to measure the displacement of landmasses cross the country, even on the global scale, can effectively deal with disasters including landslides and earthquakes [2,3]. To pursue better penetration capacity, the L-band has been adopted in more and more spaceborne SAR missions, such as ALOS-2 launched in 2014 [4], SAOCOM-CS [5,6,7], TanDEM-L [8,9,10,11], and LuTan-1 (LT-1). With the continuous development of spaceborne SAR technology, some state-of-the-art techniques have been applied to SAR systems [1,12,13,14], such as azimuth multichannel technology, which aims to solve the inherent system limitations of high-resolution wide-swath imaging [15,16,17].
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