On the Problems of Using Term «Fitness» in the Legislation of the Russian Federation

Comparative Studies for What?

The general opinion that the text of the law does not imply its use leads to an understanding of the role that legal dogmatics and legal practice can play in solving this problem. Common thematic field of both those lawyers’ activities allows us to distinguish a dogmatic discourse, by which and in which the law is positivised by consolidating applicable (operative) patterns of solving legal problems. These patterns are created by referring to the aspects of text, language, and system of law, but also to the history of the discourse. The positivisation of law is the result of specific legal heuristics, consisting in combining meanings, expectations, values, and existing practices in solving legal problems. Legal heuristics does not boil down to a method, but, rather, is a framework, a context, and a set of conditions for cognition aimed at solving practical problems.

The purpose is to systematize and compile information, data and materials on marketing support for the activities of children's fitness center. Materials and methods of the research. We have studied statutory and regulation documents of children's fitness center, protocols for monitoring the activities of the center, conversations with employees and managers of the organization. We used the following study methods: analysis and synthesis of literature data and Internet materials, the work experience of domestic physical education organizations, including children's fitness clubs and centers, high-quality content analysis of planning documents and reports of children's fitness center, monitoring center’s activities and its content analysis results, conversations with employees of children's fitness center and specialists in the field of sport marketing. Results of the research. The paper presents and discloses the content of the main activities of children's fitness center, including: medical and pedagogical diagnostics (children's fitness testing), implementation of fitness programs, implementation of development programs, economic activities, personnel policy and personnel management, communicative and managerial activity. We have characterized the main areas of marketing activity: product or services produced and offered by children's fitness center, price - pricing policy, place - marketing methods for fitness center services, promotion - center’s activities for disseminating information about its advantages and fitness programs, people - work with target audience. We have developed the program of communication campaigns including promotions, PR and publicity, sales promotion. Conclusion. The findings related to the marketing support of the activities of children's fitness center can be used for organizing and carrying out communicative actions in such sports organizations.

Physical Education, Exercise, Fitness and Sports: Early PM&R Leaders Build a Strong Foundation

This article examines the historical development and implementation of information technologies in physical education and sports. Through comprehensive analysis of scientific literature and online sources, the study explores early innovations in computer programs and software applications designed for biomechanical analysis, monitoring of physical condition, training modeling, and individualized program creation in sports and fitness. Key contributions from researchers at the National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine are highlighted, including significant developments in posture analysis, foot diagnostics, and video-based motion capture systems. The paper thoroughly reviews specialized software for professional bodybuilding, aqua aerobics, family health management, and student physical education, demonstrating the breadth of applications across various domains. A detailed classification system for information technologies in physical culture and sports is presented, categorizing applications by areas such as sports training, physical education, and rehabilitation. The research demonstrates the widespread adoption of information technologies across diverse aspects of physical education and sports, enabling sophisticated biomechanical assessments, comprehensive physical state monitoring, advanced training simulations, and personalized program development. The authors conclude that information technologies have become integral tools in enhancing physical education and sports practices, with significant potential for further implementation in higher education curricula. The study also emphasizes the need for continued research and development in this rapidly evolving field, particularly in areas such as virtual reality applications and mobile technologies for promoting physical activity and health.

One of the effective forms of ensuring the formation of positive interest in students, motivation to engage in physical culture, development of physical qualities, health promotion is fitness aerobics. To develop a method of using fitness aerobics in physical education classes as a tool for forming motivation for high school girls to exercise. Methodology research is based on scientific principles set forth in the works of famous teachers, coaches, psychologists, specialists in physical culture and sports, physical education and physical training; specialists in the theory and methods of development of motor skills; modern specialists in the field of aerobic technologies; specialists in medical and biological foundations of health physical culture. Scientific novelty is that the method of using fitness aerobics in the lessons of physical culture of high school students is theoretically substantiated and developed; improved the content of independent classes planned in the educational process of physical culture, which were used as an additional reserve for motivation and development of physical qualities of girls, increase their weekly physical activity and laid the foundation for personal organization of independent classes; added data on the use of fitness aerobics to increase the level of physical fitness of high school students and motivation to exercise. In order to determine the impact of our methodology aimed at improving physical education lessons and motivation for the classes themselves, a re-study was conducted during the formative part of the experiment. The results of this study show that the number of girls who regularly started attending physical education classes increased by 20 % to 88%. It is also important to note that after the introduction of aerobics in physical education classes, the number of students who began to enjoy physical education lessons increased to 96 %, while before the introduction of the method, their number was 84%.

"The Development of Coordinative Abilities in Secondary School Students by Using the Means of Rhythmic Gymnastics in Physical Education and Sports Lessons", is a study that wants to become a source of information, development, applicability in life for both students and for teachers. The research approach was carried out by physical education and sports teacher Cătălina Julieta Țugulan, teacher of the Avram Iancu Secondary School in Bucharest, as a third-year student at the Doctoral School of the State University of Physical Education and Sports of the Republic of Moldova. Doctorate leader is the professor Conf. Univ. Dr. Viorica Calugher. The main purpose of the theoretical approach will be to observe the development of coordinative abilities in secondary school students by using the means of rhythmic gymnastics in Physical Education and Sports lessons, because I consider it is an essential element for the socio-professional integration of the child, for the physical development and coordinative capacities, by using a special programme for the development of coordinative capacities. To modernize the physical education lesson, the use of means such as those specific to rhythmic gymnastics for the development of coordination capacities, the development of motor skills can be very beneficial, due to the use of a wider palette of exercises that can contribute to the multilateral development of this capacity. Coordination is a complex quality, defined by most specialized authors as the individual's ability to use his body and its moving segments with precision, safety, fluency and promptness. Practicing physical exercise in school leads to the development of motor skills that ensure students optimal health and prepare them for social life. The research objectives sought to determine the particularities of carrying out recreational activities and the formation of coordinative capacities through the means of rhythmic gymnastics with an impact on the social development of 11-13-year-old students, to investigate the particularities of the morpho-functional, intellectual, psychomotor and motor states of students aged 11-13, to develop a program for the strictly directed training of co-ordinative capacities through the means of rhythmic gymnastics with an applicative character to students of 11-13 years and to argue the effectiveness of the experimental application of the program for the training of co-ordinative capacities through the means of rhythmic gymnastics with a character applicable to students aged 11-13. Exercise programs have been created that aim to develop coordination abilities (but also other motor qualities, reaction speed, execution speed, endurance) and development through free exercise complexes, with portable objects (sticks, hoop, ball, rope, scarves ), accompanied by musical accompaniment in such a way that the attractiveness of the lesson is also based on the use of special means. Music was used both within the complexes of harmonious physical development and within the themes as such. At the secondary school, the curriculum includes, as mandatory, very few elements of rhythmic gymnastics. The learning contents that I used in the realization of this work were based on the content elements according to the 5th and 6th grade curriculum. At the beginning, the work plan was developed, specifying the purpose and working assumptions. Several educational resources and specialist works were selected and included in the bibliography. Then the collectives of students from the 5th and 6th grades of the "Avram Iancu" Secondary School, sector 4, Bucharest, were selected, and the classes for the experiment were determined. In order to obtain effective results in this research, operational models were created for the experimental group and some sets/programs of exercises needed to implement the experimental study. Then, in order to highlight the working hypotheses, the most appropriate samples and tests were designed and selected, and their periodicity and working technique were established. Tables were also designed for recording and recording the data obtained with the students. The following research methods were used for this work: bibliographic study method, observation method, pedagogical experiment method, result measurement method, statistical-mathematical method, graphic method. In order to investigate the hypotheses, 4 classes were selected in the research - two experimental, 5th and 6th grade, and two control, also 5th and 6th grade, classes that benefit from the curriculum two lessons a week, during the school year. The experimental groups were administered the independent variable (training models - exercise sets/programs composed of means specific to rhythmic gymnastics), and the control groups were not administered this variable. The subjects of the four groups have the same chronological age and the same concerns. The application of training models - sets/programs of exercises composed of means specific to rhythmic gymnastics were carried out within the physical education lessons. The subjects were examined under similar conditions, applying the same specific tests and samples. In carrying out the research, the subjects were tested before and after the application of the training programs - exercise sets/programs, through the following examinations and tests: determination, measurement of somatic indices height and weight to determine the height of the students and the body weight of the students, the test of balance measurement "Flamingo" or Standing Stork test, through which we assessed the ability to maintain a balance position, the test for the development of rhythmicity-musicality, the Matorin spatio-temporal orientation test, to measure general coordination and balance and the motor coordination test. The research was carried out in three stages: Stage I - took place at the beginning and during the first semester of the 2021-2022 school year and had as tasks the initial establishment of the level of somatic development (height and weight) and the initial testing of balance tests, spatial-temporal orientation, movement coordination and rhythmicity-musicality; Stage II - took place during the 2021-2022 school year, in the second semester and consisted in the application of the training programs to the experimental groups, with the aim of their assimilation as possible. Stage III - took place in the 2022-2023 school year, by carrying out the final tests and aimed to highlight the changes that occurred throughout the research at the level of the analyzed components. The general hypothesis of this study started from the fact that in the physical education and sports lessons in the gymnasium by using the training programs composed with specific means of rhythmic gymnastics will develop the coordination capacities that will have maximum efficiency in the physical education lesson. The following working hypotheses were verified: The selection of sets/programs of exercises composed with means specific to rhythmic gymnastics (those considered to be effective) and their permanent application in physical education lessons, can induce a qualitative leap in the development of coordinative capacities. The use of these sets/programs of exercises composed with means specific to rhythmic gymnastics during a school year (in the hall and outside) contributes to the increase of the results in the specific control tests. All sets/programs of exercises composed of specific means of rhythmic gymnastics carried out during a school year, can finally lead to the development of methodical models for the development of coordinative capacities in secondary school students. The use of operational models can contribute to the achievement of the objectives of physical education, in the motor development plan but also the development of the student's personality by integrating and educating the creative-artistic side. The research was carried out at the Avram Iancu Secondary School, sector 4, Bucharest, where I am a teacher at the department of physical education and sports, the school having a very good sports material base. Physical education lessons were held twice a week, according to the timetable, with all classes having afternoon classes. The initial testing and the teaching of the sets of training programs were carried out and led by me in the experimental classes, and in the control classes by a colleague of mine, a teacher of physical education and sports, being her mentor, training her and explaining to her the exercises for the test and how to perform the initial and final tests. The research will contribute to the development of coordination capacities for secondary school students (age period 11-13 years), through the specific means of rhythmic gymnastics of using these components in physical education lessons during the school year, in order to develop these skills at a higher level abilities and their application with good results later in everyday life.

The purpose of this study is to explore and provide understanding of trans people’s participation in physical activity and sport through the socio-ecological perspective. A total of 43 Spanish trans people (21 trans women, 17 trans men and 5 with ‘other self-identifications’), between 15 and 62 years old, participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis identified six main themes, which highlight the multidimensional relations between individual, social and environmental factors in trans people’s participation in physical activity and sport. Results reveal that the importance of body appearance for ‘passing’ and the fear of being unmasked affect their participation. Trans people also rely on physical activity and sport to accelerate or avoid the side effects of hormone treatment. Social support from family and close friends and health professionals are essential for engaging in physical activity and sport. Experiences in physical education also influence trans people’s attitudes towards physical activity and sport. Finally, spaces (e.g. swimming pools and changing rooms), legal requirements and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual teams and leagues are also identified as key socio-ecologic themes. These findings are relevant for health and physical activity professionals, educators, sports organizations and policymakers in facilitating trans people’s participation in physical activity and sport and improving promotion strategies.

Aim. The paper aims to determine the status of self-regulation in physical education and sport based on state regulation. Materials and methods. The norms of Russian legislation in physical education and sport, as well as in self-regulation were studied. Attention is paid to Russian and foreign doctrine on lex sportiva and self-regulation in sport. Moreover, world practices in sports management were studied. Results. It was proved that there was no single regulatory system for physical education and sport in the Russian Federation. It was established that there was no common understanding of the activities that made up physical education and sport. Researchers believe that this domain consists of a professional and entrepreneurial activity that is regulated by both public and private law. The national sports federations, which set standards and rules independently, also play an important role in such regulation. The autonomy of the issue can be also demonstrated through the existence of a specialized permanent arbitration institution. Conclusion. The existing regulatory system has sufficient prerequisites for establishing self-regulatory physical education and sport organizations. If Russian sports federations acquire the status of self-regulatory organizations and sports clubs become the members of such organizations, when the best way of regulating public relations in physical education and sport can possibly be achieved.

Relevance of the study is due to the spread of sports and recreational activities among young people and due to the necessity to assess the effectiveness of the independent use of physical education and sports by the youth in their free time. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of physical condition indicators and behavioral factors that determine the physical activity of young men and women studying at a university, who are involved in sports and recreational activities (carried out independently or under the supervision of specialists in a fitness center), of their peers doing sports in sports schools, as well as of those students who use physical education and sports only within the framework of the discipline “Elective courses in physical education and sports”. Hypothesis: we assume that students involved in sports and recreational activities have more optimal indicators of their physical condition, than those peers who do not use sports in their free time. We believe that students independently engaged in physical activity during leisure time have experience in organized sports under the guidance of a coach and are potential participants of sports public events organized during extracurricular time at the university. The study involved 230 students of the 1st–4th years (97 females and 133 males) of Nizhnevartovsk State University. The authors used such research methods as the study of heart rate variability, questionnaires, and methods of mathematical statistics. The study revealed an increase in the number of young people involved in sports and recreational activities. It is established that the physical condition of students who independently use means of physical education and sports during extracurricular time is characterized by a more intense functioning of the regulatory systems of the body, compared with their peers who study at leisure under the supervision of specialists. The majority of people independently engaged in physical activity in their free time have no experience of organized sports in the past. It was found out that physical education and sports preferences for extracurricular activities among Russian young men and women do not differ from the choice of types of physical activity of foreign peers and correlate with indicators of their unwillingness to take part in mass competitions. The obtained results point to the importance of pedagogical support of sports and recreational activities of students doing sports independently.

The research is devoted to the study of the issue of the possibility of using health-improving and recreational classes with the use of aqua fitness for youth. Based on the analysis of scientific and methodical literature and Internet data, it was possible to determine the main directions and priorities of the use of aqua recreation in the process of physical education of schoolchildren on the basis of secondary education institutions. The health and recreational program of classes with the use of aqua fitness equipment for senior high school boys (16-17 years old) is presented. The structure and content of aqua fitness classes in accordance with the curriculum are developed. The peculiarities of conducting physical education classes with the use of exercises of different orientation to optimize their physical and mental performance of senior pupils are shown. The experimental program was developed using various elements of distance swimming, aqua fitness exercises, aerobics and game forms of water activities. The program of health and recreational classes included theoretical and practical material, as well as means of medical and pedagogical control The goal of the program was to form students' knowledge of recreational swimming and its impact on their functional state, to educate and develop the skill of independent physical fitness exercises, to improve physical fitness, coordination of movements, prevent posture disorders and promote hardening, etc. The aqua fitness equipment used allows for effective use in the educational process of physical education of young men, to improve their physical condition, as well as to optimize physical and mental performance. The complex, purposeful use of the above-mentioned means will also allow to form among students a stable motivation for independent physical education and sports, which will positively affect their life. The analysis of individual studies on improving the educational process of secondary school students has shown that the issues of finding effective ways to integrate various means into the physical education program remain relevant. Further research will focus on the influence of the experimental health and recreational program of aqua fitness classes on the physical performance of high school boys.

Состояние сферы физической культуры и спорта в последние годы характеризуется некоторыми положительными тенденциями. В стране реализуется ряд государственных, региональных и муниципальных программ, предназначенных для расширения возможностей граждан по удовлетворению потребностей в занятиях физической культурой и спортом. Вместе с тем не решен спектр проблем, требующих разработки нестандартных методик и форм массовой физкультурно-спортивной работы, привлекательных для людей различного уровня физической подготовленности, возрастных групп и материальных возможностей в первую очередь трудоспособного населения, особенно молодежи. Предметом исследования выступили механизмы взаимодействия власти, бизнес-сообщества и граждан в сфере эксплуатации физкультурно-спортивного комплекса. Установлено, что существование и развитие субъектов рассматриваемой системы находится в тесной взаимосвязи. Изменения в одной структуре неизбежно отражается на функционировании остальных элементов. На сегодня не в полной мере использован синергетический потенциал взаимодействия территориальных органов исполнительной власти, общественности и представителей социально ответственного бизнеса. Разработка проекта по конкретизации направлений взаимодействия трехсторонней системы эксплуатации физкультурно-спортивного комплекса может поспособствовать увеличению числа граждан, регулярно занимающихся физической активностью, расширению материальных возможностей граждан для своего стабильного физического совершенствования и послужить базой для создания любительских физкультурно-спортивных объединений. В ходе проведения исследования с использованием социологических и аналитических методов установлено, что общей целью действий органов исполнительной власти и бизнес-сообщества является качественное улучшение состояния здоровья и повышение производительности труда граждан, зависимое от эффективности процесса физического совершенствования населения. В результате исследования классифицированы субъекты рынка физкультурно-оздоровительных и спортивных услуг, разработан проект механизма взаимодействия этих субъектов, расширяющий возможности по эффективной эксплуатации физкультурно-спортивного комплекса г. Москвы. Предлагаемая схема взаимодействия заинтересованных сторон сможет обеспечить более качественное решение задач по удовлетворению населением потребностей в занятиях физической культурой и спортом. In Russia the condition of sphere of physical training and sports in the last years are characterized by some positive tendencies. Several programs are implemented at the state, regional and municipal levels intended for expansion of possibilities of citizens on satisfaction of demands for employment by physical training and sports. At the same time, the spectrum of the problems requiring development of the non-standard procedures and forms of mass physical training and sports attractive to people of a various level of physical readiness, financial possibilities and age groups, first of all able-bodied population, especially youth, is not solved. The object of research was the mechanisms of interoperability of authority, business-community and citizens in the area of operation of a physical training and sports. It is established that existence and progress of the subjects of the system under consideration are in close interrelation. Variations in one structure are inevitably reflected in functioning of the other elements. Currently, the synergistic potential of interoperability of territorial enforcement authorities, the public and representatives of socially responsible business is not used to the maximum possible extent. Development of the project for specifying definition of directions of interoperability of tripartite system of operation of a physical training and sport complex can promote an increase of the number of citizens engaged in physical activity on a regular basis, expansion of financial possibilities of citizens for the stable physical perfection and serve as the basis for creation of amateur -sports associations. During carrying out the research with the use of sociological and analytical methods it is established that an overall aim of actions of enforcement authorities and business-community is qualitative improvement of health and increase of labor productivity of citizens depending on efficiency of the process of physical perfection of the population. As a result of carrying out the research the subjects of the market of physical training and sport services are classified, the project of the mechanism of interoperability of these subjects is developed expanding possibilities of effective operation of a physical training and sport complex of Moscow. The proposed scheme of interaction between the interested parties will be able to provide a more qualitative solution to the problems of meeting the population’s needs in physical training and sports.

Introduction. The analysis of the research has established the lack of a clear internal logic in the construction of a set of criteria for classification services in the field of physical culture and sports. A large variety of criteria, on the one hand, provides an opportunity to get acquainted with the various components of the content of services, which is important for solving practical problems, for example, for the development of a strategy of marketing by sports organizations, the definition of target markets, or for the formation of social standards of consumption of services by the state. On the other hand, relying on such approaches to the classification of sports and sports services, it is extremely difficult to solve the tasks of scientific research. First of all, this relates to the scientific analysis of the system of market relations in the field of physical culture and sports, the nature of the functioning of subsystems or individual components of which is determined by the specific features of this or that kind of physical culture and sports services.The purpose of the study is theoretical and methodological justification of the classification of physical culture and sports services in the context of determining the indicators of the impact of the results of professional activities on the field of physical culture and sports.Results. The article analyzes the main approaches to the classification of sports services in order to determine the economic indicators of influence on the industry. The criteria of the classification of physical culture and sports services have been determined, which made it possible to establish a classification of physical culture and sports services, where all services are divided into physical education, physical culture and health, sports training, sports-entertainment, physical education and rehabilitation, which form these services.Conclusions1. It has been considered that the criteria for classification of sports services are: the social significance of needs that are satisfied as a result of the consumption of a particular service; a way of compensation for the use of services; the form of the existence of a particular service; regularity of consumption of services.2. The classification of physical culture and sports services is defined, where all services are distributed to physical education, physical culture, health, sports and fitness, sports training, sports-entertainment, physical education and rehabilitation, and the indicators that form these services.

The issue of the functioning of the state language in all spheres of public life in modern Ukraine is difficult to overestimate. It is critically important both in the present and for the future, as it establishes the direction of national development. In this context, the study of the Ukrainian language by future professionals in the fields of physical education, sports, and historical-pedagogical areas is of particular significance. The curricula of the following specialties – 014.11 Secondary Education (Physical Education), 017 Physical Education and Sport, and 014 Secondary Education (History)—include a course titled «Ukrainian Language (for Professional Purposes». This course is designed to deepen and expand students' knowledge of the development of the Ukrainian literary language, its norms, and to cultivate strong Ukrainian-language competencies. These competencies are essential for effective communication by physical education and history teachers with their students, as well as by coaches (gym instructors) with current and future athletes. The purpose of this article is to highlight the specifics of developing Ukrainian-language competencies in future history teachers, physical education teachers, and coaches during their study of the educational component «Ukrainian Language (for Professional Purposes)». Meeting the societal demand for the formation of highly qualified specialists in the fields of physical education, sports, and historical- pedagogical studies is impossible without expanding and deepening the Ukrainian-language competencies of future coaches (gym instructors), physical education teachers, and history teachers in general secondary education institutions. In this regard, the course «Ukrainian Language (for Professional Purposes)» is of paramount importance. When teaching the course «Ukrainian Language (for Professional Purposes)» to future specialists in physical education, sports, and historical-pedagogical fields, the instructor must focus on developing their linguistic and communicative culture and proficiency. The goal is to instill normative skills in both oral and written communication with students, their parents, colleagues, sports organizations, and representatives of the media, among others. Moreover, the physical education or history teacher, or the youth sports school coach, due to their high authority, has a formative influence on the development of a Ukrainian-centered paradigm in children. They also play a role in nurturing feelings of citizenship and patriotism, making their proficient command of the Ukrainian language a guarantee of Ukraine's state- building prospects. The linguistic-didactic material analyzed in this article, which pertains to orthoepy and lexicology, does not exhaust all aspects of working with future history teachers, physical education teachers, and coaches in and outside the classroom during their study of the Ukrainian language (for professional purposes). Special attention should be given to the specifics of the interaction between students and instructors when working with professional terminology, as well as to the material on changes in orthography, and the study and mastery of issues related to morphology, syntax, and stylistics. These are precisely the aspects for further linguistic-didactic analysis aimed at improving the methodology of teaching the Ukrainian language (for professional purposes) to future specialists in the fields of history, physical education, and sports.

The formation of a socially active personality in harmony with physical development is an important condition for preparing a university graduate for professional activities in a society that develops according to the laws of a market economy. The purpose of the study: to identify the relationship between the awareness of students about sports and leisure activities with motivation for physical education and sports. The changes taking place in society and the state have clearly revealed the contradiction between the need for specialists with a high level of mobility, good physical development and a real reduction in the role of physical education and sports in the country's universities. The analysis of research materials showed that for the effective formation of motives for physical education classes, it is necessary to identify their features, as well as the system of relations of the individual to physical education. Since there are currently no direct criteria for assessing students' motivation in the field of physical education and sports, it is proposed to use a repertory grid for this purpose. The hypothesis expressed in the article was not confirmed: with an approximately equal degree of awareness of first and second year students, the degree of their motivation is noticeably different, therefore, awareness is not directly related to motivation in the field of study. One can see a preponderance towards external motivation among students of both the first and second courses. Taking into account the fact that “physical culture and sports activity, which includes students, is one of the effective mechanisms for merging social and personal interests, the formation of socially necessary individual needs” It is advisable to transform external motivation into internal, which is one of the goals of physical student education