Abstract
The analysis of grain damage in the form of dark spots of Russian rice varieties grown in Krasnodar region in 2011-2020 has been carried out. Rice grain was damaged during the filling period, mainly in full ripeness. The high degree of damage was the reason for the deterioration of grain quality. The degree of damage varied over the years. 2011 and 2012 were characterized by a high content of damaged grains (up to 3-20%). The degree of damage to rice grain was different in different agar-landscape zones of Krasnodar region: in the Krasnoarmeysky district it was higher than in the Abinsky. On panicles of variety Rapan without stinkbugs, one caryopsis with damage was found, while on panicles with stinkbugs, their number increased to 12.4-20.3%. In variety Kurazh, damage to caryopses in the form of dark spots on panicles with stinkbugs reached 10.1-19.1%. A significant increase in the degree of damage to rice grain stored in storage began in 2011. In 2011, the content of damaged grains increased by more than 1%, in 2012 it reached 8.3% in the Slavyansky district. Since 2013, the degree of damage to rice grain in the field began to decrease. It is concluded that the damage is associated with the pathogenic effect on the plant and the caryopsis of bug insects with a piercing-sucking mouth apparatus. Damage to caryopses was insignificant in 2015-2020.
Highlights
The vital activity of insect pests and pathogenic microorganisms is the cause of the appearance of dark spots on the shells of rice grains
Research on the problem of the appearance of caryopses with spots on the fruit and seed coats, which appeared in the field, was started in 2013 at the Federal Scientific Rice Centre (All-Russian Rice Research Institute, Krasnodar)
In 2012, grain batches were identified with grain damage up to 30%, which led to a sharp decrease in the profitability of rice production
Summary
The vital activity of insect pests and pathogenic microorganisms is the cause of the appearance of dark spots on the shells of rice grains. In 2012, a state of emergency was declared in the summer in connection with the invasion of locusts, meadow moths and turtle bugs, which earlier became active in some regions of Russia: in the South Urals, in the Volgograd, Rostov, Saratov, Samara, Orenburg and Astrakhan regions, Dagestan, Stavropol Territory and Kalmykia due to weather and climatic conditions.
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