Abstract
The review considers research on issues of laboratory diagnosis of acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in early aged children. Because of the complexity of diagnosis of disease according to clinical signs, the main methods of laboratory diagnosis of CMV are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which allows to estimate the amount of virus DNA (viral load), to determine “cut-off” values which makes monitoring of the infectious process accessible. It is proved that severe form of cytomegalovirus infection is significantly more often developed in people with high viral load of CMV DNA in the blood. The descriptions of the regularities of virus excretion in the saliva and urine of seropositive children are presented: Age-related bimodality with indicators of virus excretion in the first two years of life; Direct correlation with seropositivity and, feedback, with age; Duration for several months; Correlation of low avidity index with high viral load in saliva and early age; Significantly higher viral load in children with congenital infection. Values of median viral load for various biological medium are presented.
Highlights
В обзоре рассматриваются исследования, посвященные вопросам лабораторной диагностики приобретенной цитомегаловирусной инфекции у детей раннего возраста
Because of the complexity of diagnosis of disease according to clinical signs, the main methods of laboratory diagnosis of CMV are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which allows to estimate the amount of virus DNA, to determine “cut-off” values which makes monitoring of the infectious process accessible
It is proved that severe form of cytomegalovirus infection is significantly more often developed in people with high viral load of CMV DNA in the blood
Summary
В обзоре рассматриваются исследования, посвященные вопросам лабораторной диагностики приобретенной цитомегаловирусной инфекции у детей раннего возраста. (2014) показали, что точность детекции результатов IgM может иметь и возрастные особенности, а именно при острой цитомегаловирусной пневмонии у детей первых месяцев жизни IgM-антитела определялись в 72% случаев, в то время как у более старших – только в 48% случаев [19]. После перенесенной первичной цитомегаловирусной инфекции ДНК цитомегаловируса в крови обнаруживают в среднем у 80% детей, с тенденцией к полному исчезновению в течение 12 мес после заболевания [23].
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