On the plasma sheet dependence on solar wind and substorms and its role in magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling

Abstract

Recently, it was argued that Hall conductivity and peak intensity of equivalent ionospheric currents are sensitive to the amount of field-aligned acceleration of plasma sheet (PS) electrons, which in turn depends on the plasma sheet parameters T e and N e (electron temperature and density) proportionally to the quantity eTN = (T e)1/2/N e. Here we extend these studies using data from six tail seasons of THEMIS observations to show statistically that the behavior of these PS electron parameters, measured in the middle of the nightside plasma sheet at ~10 RE distance, depends in a very different way on two basic processes: the solar wind state and substorms. We confirm previous work that slow/dense (fast/tenuous) solar wind provides cold/dense (hot/tenuous) plasma sheet conditions. However, we find that electron temperature and pressure parameters (T e and P e) behave differently from the proton ones (T p and P p), indicating a strong decoupling between temperature variations of auroral protons and electrons in the central plasma sheet (CPS): electrons are more sensitive to the substorm-related acceleration in the magnetotail than protons. Our superposed epoch study of plasma sheet parameter variations during substorms as well as our analysis of plasma acceleration at dipolarization fronts shows that during the substorm expansion phase a new (accelerated and plasma-depleted) population comes into the inner CPS with the flow bursts, showing an average increase of electron temperature and eTN parameter roughly by a factor of 2 above its background values for both cold/dense and hot/tenuous plasma sheet states. Preferential electron heating in the flow bursts is also statistically confirmed.