Abstract
Einstein’s weak equivalence principle suggests that gravity and acceleration (centrifugal force) are indistinguishable from each other and, therefore, equivalent. We maintain that they are not only equivalent, but even identical, or to rephrase the main statement of this work: A gravitational force does not exist. Rather, gravity is a fictitious force, or, more pointedly: Gravity is the centrifugal force which acts upon material bodies within the rotating S3-hypersphere of the Universe. These in turn warp the adjacent space-fabric, shaping it to the well-known field geometry of general relativity.
Highlights
As widely known proposed Georges Lemaître in 1927 and Edwin Hubble in 1929 a redshift of far-away galaxies, which is proportional to their distance [1] [2]
Therewith, it is shown that the centrifugal energy E be the decisive factor which governs the geometry Rmn −1 2 Rgmn of the gravitational field, that Einsteinian general relativity naturally emerges from the physics of the static, self-contained, rotating three-sphere S3 as the correct Riemannian description of the local warping of the space-fabric and dilation of time caused by the impact of FΡ on material bodies
As a main result gravitational force has been demonstrated to be identical with centrifugal acceleration within the hypersphere and, to be a fictious force
Summary
As widely known proposed Georges Lemaître in 1927 and Edwin Hubble in 1929 a redshift of far-away galaxies, which is proportional to their distance (to a high degree in the “nearer” neighborhood of the Milky Way Galaxy) [1] [2]. We demand k = 1 and maintain and will show in the following that: 1) The Universe is a closed, static, self-containing three-sphere S3 rotating steadily in four-dimensional space spatially with Euclidian E4 metric geometrically (locally) and neither expanding nor retracting; 2) The Hubble (Cosmological) redshift is due to the four-dimensional orthogonal displacement spatially of the emitter from the receiver’s tangential Minkowski space in the three-sphere S3, being equivalent to the bending of the light’s trajectory in the curved space of the latter and not to its expansion; 3) The deviations of distance calculations on the grounds of supernova data from the standard expansion model, which currently are ascribed to the mentioned putative dark energy, correctly reflect the light’s redshift due to curvature of the hypersphere and, are no deviations at all; 4) Gravity is a fictitious force caused by the S3-latitude dependent centrifugal force within the rotating hypersphere in association with the warping of the local space fabric around material bodies and not a special attracting force of nature; 5) The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is the enthropic (Planckian) radiation in the closed, static three-sphere S3 and not relic radiation of the big bang; 6) The large-angle “anomalies” in the CMB are imprints of the Universe’s four-dimensional shape and of the floating Milky-Way Galaxy’s location in the latter in ever more distant past and no anomalies at all.
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