On the phase transition to quarks confinement

Abstract

In the present short note, we give three corresponding derivations of quarks confinement. The first derivation uses super-symmetric unification. The second uses non-super-symmetric grand unification. Finally, the third derivation is related to a phase transition from quarks to Planck particles. Remarkably all three derivations indicate complete quarks confinement. Thus by Witten’s T-duality we can never observe completely free quarks.