Abstract
A new protocol, called fully distributed space-time coded (FDSTC) protocol having information exchange between relays, is proposed and compared with the conventional distributed space-time coded (DSTC) protocol using non-regenerative relays (NR-relays) and regenerative relays (R-relays). Closed-form error probabilities are derived to verify the simulations. In terms of error performance, the FDSTC protocol gets significant average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains (3.7 dB for NR-relays and 18.1 dB for R-relays). In addition, the impact of the relative distance of relays on the required SNR is reduced up to 70%. The system diversity order using the FDSTC protocol is higher than that using the DSTC protocol (especially, the FDSTC protocol obtains full diversity with NR-relays). As a result, at the same spectral efficiency, FDSTC has better performance in terms of outage probability in high SNR regions. In terms of energy efficiency, the FDSTC protocol is shown to outperform DSTC for long-range transmissions.
Highlights
In the last years, cooperative relay has been identified as a core technique to overcome challenges in wireless environments
When the relative interdistance of relays is small, the performance of the fully distributed space-time coded (FDSTC) protocol is still comparable with the ideal case where there is no errors in the data exchange between the two relays
For the NR-FDSTC protocol, this difference is decreased to 1.6 dB, which means that the impact of the relative distance of relays is reduced by up to 75%
Summary
Cooperative relay has been identified as a core technique to overcome challenges in wireless environments. Inter-relay communications have been considered in the repetition-based cooperative relay protocol and are shown to be able to increase its performances [5,6,7,8]. The present paper associate inter-relay communications with the DSTC-based cooperative relay protocol to further increase its performance. The FDSTC protocol is thoroughly considered in terms of error probability, outage probability, diversity order, and energy efficiency. Relays and R-relays by deriving closed-form error performance and considering outage probability, diversity order, and energy efficiency as well. The performance of the FDSTC protocol is evaluated and compared with conventional DSTC protocols [11,12,13] in terms of BER, outage probability, diversity order, and energy efficiency.
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