On the Performance of Cooperative Relaying Spectrum-Sharing Systems with Collaborative Distributed Beamforming

Abstract

In this paper, we use joint distributed beamforming and cooperative relaying in cognitive radio relay networks in an effort to enhance the spectrum efficiency and improve the performance of the cognitive (secondary) system. In particular, we consider a spectrum sharing system where a set of potential relays are employed to help a pair of secondary users in the presence of a licensed (primary) user. Among the available relays, only the reliable ones participate in the beamforming process, where the beamformer weights are obtained based on a linear optimization method. We investigate two well-known strategies, namely, selection decode-and-forward (SDF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying in conjunction with distributed optimal beamforming. However, given the complexity of the performance analysis with optimal beamforming, we use zero forcing beamforming (ZFB), and compare both approaches through simulations. In this context, for SDF, we derive expressions for the probability density function (PDF) of the received signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) at the relays as well as at the secondary destination. As for the AF scheme, we obtain the exact expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) and the moment generating function (MGF) of the equivalent end-to-end SNR at the secondary destination. For both schemes, we derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability and bit error rate (BER) over independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) schemes. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme in improving the outage and BER performance of the secondary system while limiting the interference to the primary system. In addition, the results show the effectiveness of the combination of the cooperative diversity and distributed beamforming in compensating for the loss in the secondary system's performance due to the primary user's co-channel interference (CCI).