On the Origin of the Iron K Line in the Spectrum of the Galactic X‐Ray Background

Abstract

We propose a mechanism for the origin of the Galactic ridge X-ray background that naturally explains the properties of the Fe K line, specifically the detection of the centroid line energy below 6.7 keV and the apparent broadness of the line. Motivated by recent evidence of nonthermal components in the spectrum of the Galactic X-ray/γ-ray background, we consider a model that is a mixture of thermal plasma components of perhaps supernova origin and nonthermal emission from the interaction of low-energy cosmic-ray electrons (LECRe) with the interstellar medium. The LECRe may be accelerated in supernova explosions or by ambient interstellar plasma turbulence. Atomic collisions of fast electrons produce characteristic nonthermal, narrow X-ray emission lines that can explain the complex Galactic background spectrum. Using the ASCA GIS archival data from the Scutum arm region, we show that a two-temperature thermal plasma model with kT ~ 0.6 and ~2.8 keV, plus a LECRe component models the data satisfactorily. Our analysis rules out a purely nonthermal origin for the emission. It also rules out a significant contribution from low-energy cosmic-ray ions, because their nonthermal X-ray production would be accompanied by a nuclear γ-ray line diffuse emission exceeding the upper limits obtained using OSSE, as well as by an excessive Galaxy-wide Be production rate. The proposed model naturally explains the observed complex line features and removes the difficulties associated with previous interpretations of the data which evoked a very hot thermal component (kT ~ 7 keV).