Abstract
Ifais not a multiple ofnandan−1≢1modn{a^{n - 1}}\;\nequiv \;1\bmod \,n, thennmust be composite andais called a "witness" forn. LetF(n)F(n)denote the number of "false witnesses" forn, that is, the number ofamodna\bmod nwithan−1≡1modn{a^{n - 1}} \equiv 1\bmod n. Considered here is the normal and average size ofF(n)F(n)forncomposite. Also considered is the situation for the more stringent Euler and strong pseudoprime tests.
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