Abstract
Sustainable management of coastal areas involves dealing with problems such as coastal erosion, rapid growth in the rate of urbanization, tourism, environmental degradation associated with industrial and urban activities. Besides consideration is provided for the effects of climate change, whose scenarios also have significant consequences on coastal systems that are already extremely vulnerable and prone to many human pressures. Over the years, several international and national studies have been conducted to deepen the coastal processes. To date—despite considerable efforts—there are still problems. Two relevant priorities emerge: managing coastal risks and ensuring sustainable coastal management. In response to the above-mentioned challenges, it is worthwhile to elaborate an integrated methodology that, basing on the collection, analysis and evaluation of data, may provide an effective guideline for the successful implementation of each action, while providing timely and targeted information for the adoption of governance strategies concerning the prevention and management of marine-coastal risks. In the present study, considering what emerged in the major research projects on the coastal field during the last decades, a methodological proposal is outlined to pursue the principles of the integrated coastal zona management (ICZM) and join the managing coastal risks with sustainable uses focusing on the implementation scale.
Highlights
Coastal areas represent a small part of the urbanized land territory, they are exposed to the continuous action of various factors, both natural and man-induced, operating on different spatial scales
During the 20th century, the above factors combined with population growth, urbanization, and development activities started to affect coastal processes and, the correlated services, causing degradation of ecosystems, altering coastal dynamics, in particular increasing erosion and coastal risks
The main findings highlight that the sustainable management of coastal areas has become an unavoidable requirement to protect the coastline, to contain and reduce the ongoing degradation processes avoiding the emergence of new ones [11,12,13,14]
Summary
Coastal areas represent a small part of the urbanized land territory, they are exposed to the continuous action of various factors, both natural and man-induced, operating on different spatial scales. Its most relevant consequences are the rise in global sea level and the increase in frequency and intensity of storm events In this regard, it is worth pointing out that marine floods could amplify beach erosion and saline intrusion increasing the susceptibility of coastal populations and ecosystems. It is worth pointing out that marine floods could amplify beach erosion and saline intrusion increasing the susceptibility of coastal populations and ecosystems These effects would be even more hazardous if combined with a high concentration of people and socioeconomic activities [15,16,17,18,19,20,21]
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