On the nature and causes of luminescent lines and bands in coral skeletons

Abstract

Holes pushed into the surface of laboratory grade CaCO3 powder reproduced visible and measurable luminescence similar to that seen and measured in coral skeletons. Heating such powder to 450 °C for 2 h did not destroy the luminescence although it did destroy luminescence in powdered coral skeleton. The effect in coral skeletal powder was probably due to carbonisation of contained organics because addition of small and increasing amounts of powdered charcoal to laboratory grade CaCO3 increasingly attenuated luminescence. Luminescent lines and bands in coral skeletons have previously been ascribed to incorporation of humic substances. However, coating laboratory grade powder with humic acid attenuates rather than enhances luminescence. Ultra-violet lamps used to display coral luminescent lines and bands emit significant amounts of violet and blue visible light. Reflection of these visible wavelengths from the surface of laboratory grade CaCO3 powder obscured luminescence of the powder. Multiple reflections within a hole in the powder resulted in absorption of the short wavelengths of visible light, including violet and blue light that would otherwise mask luminescence, and their re-emission at longer wavelengths. Luminescent bands in offshore corals were associated with the low-density regions of the annual density banding pattern. Luminescent lines in skeletons of inshore corals were in narrow regions of low-density skeleton, probably resulting from altered growth during periods of lowered salinity.