Abstract
The earliest (cellular) life on Earth appeared about 3.5 billion years ago. There are vidences that for this eon (Archean) of the young Earth the environmental temperature was extremely high. With reducing of the temperature of the surface of the Earth the organisms (thermo- and hyperthermophilic archaea and bacteria) adopted to this change evolving to mesophilic organisms. Latter lost their ability to survive at high temperatures. The fossils of this organisms cannot give an answer of the question what made thermo- and hyperthermophilic organisms live at temperatures at which life seems to be impossible. The answer came with the surprising discovery of life in the hot springs in Yellowstone Park: the thermo- and hyperthermophilic organisms have proteins with unexpectedly high thermal stability. ...
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