Abstract
Functional activity of mitochondria in the cell is fully regulated by a complex mixture of dissolved in water substances of the cytosol compound. The concentrations of these substances are different, which is important in processes such as osmoregulation and signaling both of a cell and of mitochondria for ATP synthesis. We studied the action of guanidine on the functional activity of mitochondria. Mitochondria showed a trend to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of different guanidine concentrations. Also, an oscillatory volume changes shrinkage-swelling of mitochondria ¬- are largely abolished and pH changes of incubation medium in addition of ADP are inhibited in the presence of guanidine ion. The mechanism of inhibition of these processes is explained by mechano-chemiosmotic model. In the article, it is discussed that a disruption of the movement of calcium ions (which are moved cyclically between the external environment (cytosol), the matrix and intermembrane space) by various agents, including guanidine leads to disruption of ATP synthesis. We conclude that the L-arginine (2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) deficiency in a body leads to a decrease in energy production and, also, it is the cause of aging, type 2 diabetes, cancer and other diseases.
Highlights
One of the main features of living organisms is their ability to extract energy from the environment as a result of redox reactions
It can be seen on the figure that introduction of mitochondria to an incubation medium without guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) caused its acidification, which disappeared after 1-2 min
Guanidine at low concentrations did not increase the rate of respiration and mitochondria phosphorylation ability unlike sucrose [1,4,21], but at high concentrations inhibited the functional activity of mitochondria
Summary
One of the main features of living organisms is their ability to extract energy from the environment as a result of redox reactions. ATP is one of the main types of chemical energy for life in biological systems, the synthesis of most of which occurs in the mitochondria. The concentrations of substances in cytosol are different, which is important in processes such as osmoregulation and signaling both of a cell and mitochondria for ATP synthesis [1]. According to electron microscopy studies in the presence of succinate, mitochondrial membranes are really close to each other [2]. According to other sources of electron microscopy in hypotonic incubation medium at 16°C [3] there is compression of significant portion of mitochondrial cristae. In a study of the fluorescence of mitochondrial proteins, the authors conclude that the compression, happening at lower tonicity at
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