On the mechanisms by which theophylline changes core body temperature in mice

Abstract

In the present work, the effects of neurotransmitter antagonists on theophylline-induced changes in body temperature were investigated. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of a low dose of theohylline (25 mg/kg) induced slight hyperthermia, while high doses (75 and 100 mg/kg) induced hypothermia. The hypothermic effect of theophylline was decreased by pretreatment of animals with the dopamine D 2 receptor antagonists sulpiride (15 and 30 mg/kg i.p.) and pimozide (0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg i.p.), the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg i.p.) and the 5-HT receptor antagonist metergoline (0.25 mg/kg i.p.). However, the dopamine D 1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg i.p.), the α-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg i.p.) and the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) did not alter the theophylline response. In reserpinized mice, theophylline caused a dose-dependent rise in body temperature. The response was blocked in animals pretreated with phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and atropine. Single treatment of animals with either SCH 23390 or sulpiride, and also with a combination of the two drugs, decreased the hyperthermia induced by theophylline in reserpinized mice. Pimozide or metergoline did not have any effect in this respect. These data suggest that the hypothermic response to theophylline may be mediated through dopaminergic, cholinergic and serotonergic mechanisms. The hyperthermic action of theophylline in reserpinized animals may be mediated through dopaminergic, cholinergic and adrenergic systems. Overall it seems likely that theophylline interacts with modulatory mechanisms involved in thermoregulation.