On the mechanism of dislocation creep of calcite at high temperature: Inferences from experimentally measured pressure sensitivity and strain rate sensitivity of flow stress

Abstract

Previous laboratory experiments on coarse grained calcite materials at intermediate conditions of stress and temperature have shown low strain rate sensitivity of flow stress, expressed by standard power law stress exponents n ≥ 7. This conflicts with conventional models for creep controlled by dislocation climb (n = 3–4.5), a recovery mechanism widely used to explain steady‐state dislocation creep. This paper addresses the question whether dislocation cross slip rather than climb is the mechanism controlling creep of calcite at intermediate conditions. New uniaxial compression tests were performed on calcite single crystals and Carrara marble at T = 800–1000°C, = 10−4–2 × 10−7 s−1, and P = 100–600 MPa. Emphasis was on the pressure (P) and strain rate () sensitivity of flow stress, because these form potential ways for discriminating between climb and cross slip models. Both single crystals and Carrara marble demonstrated a small increase in flow stress with increasing pressure (∼1.6% per 100 MPa) at constant strain rate and temperature. The low strain rate sensitivity of flow stress was confirmed, though n gradually changes with stress or temperature rather than taking a constant value. Evaluation of the experimental data against microphysical models indicated that cross slip controlled by dissociation of dislocations offers the best explanation for the observed mechanical behavior. If the associated creep equation is used to estimate flow stresses under natural conditions, the resulting values at T < 500°C are substantially less than those following from previous flow laws. The influence of pressure on the behavior of marble, however, can be safely ignored for most practical purposes.