Abstract
A physical model for carbon formation in flames is developed by assuming that positive ions serve as nuclei and that particles are ionized during growth and agglomeration. Analysis of the model predicts the well-known chained structure of carbon particles collected from flames and the uniform size and crystallite structure of the spherical chain units. The predicted size of the crystallites is essentially identical to the experimentally observed value of 20 to 30 A. The model is based on experimental information in the literature. The predicted structure of particles results from the effects of interparticle electrostatic forces during growth and agglomeration. The analysis includes calculation of the state of ionization of particles under typical flame conditions and calculation of the forces, and the resulting energy requirements for collision, between both dielectric (young) and conducting (older) particles.
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