Abstract
The gyrokinetic theory is a popular and efficient approach to study low-frequency phenomena in magnetized plasmas. Its applicability is rooted in the invariance of a charged particle's magnetic moment. We calculate the maximum non-conservation of this magnetic moment in various elementary combinations of electromagnetic fields. The situation is ameliorated by introducing magnetic moments that account for the drift behavior of the guiding center. Based on these results, we discuss the limitations of gyrokinetics on a quantifiable basis.
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