On the kinetics and mechanisms of photolytic/TiO2-photocatalytic degradation of substituted pyridines in aqueous solutions

Abstract

Pyridine and pyridine derivatives are extensively used for the production of pesticides, medicinal drugs, industrial solvents, dyes, rubber chemicals etc. They are encountered in their wastewaters and due to their hazardous effects on ecosystems and human health, their removal is imperative. However, the methods for their treatment need to be improved or replaced by more effective alternatives. With this in mind and following our previous work on photolytic treatment of 2-halogenated pyridines (2-HalPys), the combined photolytic/photocatalytic (TiO2 P-25) at 254nm degradation and mineralisation of 2-chloropyridine (2-CPY), 2-fluoropyridine (2-FPY) and 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HPY), a major photolytic product of all 2-HalPys but 2-FPY are studied in a range of conditions. In order to probe into the mechanisms and factors affecting their degradation, the effects of pH, radical scavenger tert-butanol and inorganic ions, were examined. The former had a substantial impact on 2-CPY photocatalytic removal rate, which, however, remained practically unaffected by the latter. 2-CPY photocatalytic removal was faster at near neutral pH. 2-HPY degradation was faster in the presence of TiO2, low pH and in the presence of F− or SO42− anions. On the contrary, Cl− anions or the presence of tert-butanol had a pronouncedly detrimental effect on 2-HPY degradation rate. Main reaction by-products accompanying the purely photocatalytic destruction of 2-CPY and 2-FPY were identified. Complete total organic carbon removal was achieved in all cases.