On the Kicking Techniques of Pankration

Abstract

The ancient Hellenic art of pankration differed from that of pugilism and wrestling in that it included two additional unique aspects: joint manipulations (including chokes, in the form of groundwork) and kicks. Its history of Olympic competition spans at least 869 years, from 648 BCE to 221 CE. In the following study, the comprehensive list of compiled kicking-related terms includes five general terms, seven primary techniques, six distinct variants, and five strike placement denominations for a total of 23 descriptors, amassed for this purpose for the first time in modern literature. All terms that are to be listed were sourced directly from ancient texts. The study also includes an analysis of how the ancient Greeks viewed kicking techniques in competition based on Hellenic literature of antiquity and pankration depictions (pottery, statues, & reliefs). The goal is to create a comprehensive database of Hellenic pankration’s kicking techniques and practises to incorporate in an academically sound modern renewal of the combat sport that can support adequate teaching and competition that can carry into its return to the Olympics.