On the IRI model predictions for the low-latitude ionosphere

Abstract

Measurements of ionospheric electron density vertical profiles, carried out at a magnetic equatorial station located at Fortaleza (4°S, 38°W; dip latitude 2°S) in Brazil, are analyzed and compared with low-latitude electron density profiles predicted by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model. The analysis performed here covers periods of high (1979/1980) and low (1986) solar activities, considering data obtained under magnetically quiet conditions representative of the summer, winter and equinox seasons. Some discrepancies are found to exist between the observed and the IRI model-predicted ionospheric electron density profiles. For high solar activity conditions the most remarkable one is the observed fast upward motion of the F-layer just after sunset, not considered in the IRI model and which precedes the occurrence of nighttime ionospheric plasma irregularities. These discrepancies are attributed mainly to dynamical effects associated with the low latitude E × B electromagnetic plasma drifts and the thermospheric neutral winds, which are not satisfactorily reproduced either in the CCIR numerical maps or in the IRI profile shapes. In particular, the pre-reversal enhancement in the vertical E × B plasma drifts around sunset hours has a great influence on the nighttime spatial distribution of the low-latitude ionospheric plasma. Also, the dynamical control exerted by the electromagnetic plasma drifts and by the thermospheric neutral winds on the low-latitude ionospheric plasma is strongly dependent on the magnetic declination angle at a given longitude. These important longitudinal and latitudinal dependences must be considered for improvement of IRI model predictions at low latitudes.