Abstract
Abstract. This paper studies the influence of changing spatial resolution on the implementation of distributed hydrological modelling for water resource planning in Mediterranean areas. Different cell sizes were used to investigate variations in the basin hydrologic response given by the model WiMMed, developed in Andalusia (Spain), in a selected watershed. The model was calibrated on a monthly basis from the available daily flow data at the reservoir that closes the watershed, for three different cell sizes, 30, 100, and 500 m, and the effects of this change on the hydrological response of the basin were analysed by means of the comparison of the hydrological variables at different time scales for a 3-yr-period, and the effective values for the calibration parameters obtained for each spatial resolution. The variation in the distribution of the input parameters due to using different spatial resolutions resulted in a change in the obtained hydrological networks and significant differences in other hydrological variables, both in mean basin-scale and values distributed in the cell level. Differences in the magnitude of annual and global runoff, together with other hydrological components of the water balance, became apparent. This study demonstrated the importance of choosing the appropriate spatial scale in the implementation of a distributed hydrological model to reach a balance between the quality of results and the computational cost; thus, 30 and 100-m could be chosen for water resource management, without significant decrease in the accuracy of the simulation, but the 500-m cell size resulted in significant overestimation of runoff and consequently, could involve uncertain decisions based on the expected availability of rainfall excess for storage in the reservoirs. Particular values of the effective calibration parameters are also provided for this hydrological model and the study area.
Highlights
The distributed hydrological physically-based models reflect the spatial variability of input data and describe in great detail the processes occurring in the basin
These models are applied to each spatial unit, into which the system is divided and relays the response of each unit to the point of departure, concatenating these responses over time and space in order to produce outputs at the basin-scale (Beven, 1989)
These variations in the physical characteristics of the terrain have an influence on the design of the hydrological network; the drainage networks obtained with 30-m and 100-m spatial resolution are similar and better resemble reality than the result data obtained with the 500-m cell size (Fig. 2)
Summary
The distributed hydrological physically-based models reflect the spatial variability of input data and describe in great detail the processes occurring in the basin These models are applied to each spatial unit, into which the system is divided (normally, the cell of a digital elevation model, DEM) and relays the response of each unit to the point of departure, concatenating these responses over time and space in order to produce outputs at the basin-scale (Beven, 1989). In the water balance on the Earth’s surface, its non-linearity and high spatial variability are mainly caused by the key role of the soil water content and the spatial and temporal variability of the soil properties (Wood, 1998).
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