Abstract

Lusitanian, the Pre-Celtic Indo-European language of the Hispanic Peninsula, demonstrates numerous similarities in theonymy to the Celtic areas, e.g. Lusit. Iccona (dat. sg.) = Gaul. Epona ‘the horse-goddess’, Lusit. Lucubo (dat. pl.) = Gaul. Lugoves (nom. pl.) and Celtiber. Luguei (dat. sg.). Other religious comparisons relate to an even larger Italo-Celtic geographical area, e.g. OLat. Pales (f.) and Lusit. Trebo-pala, Tenco-pala , Old Roman suouetaurilia and the analogical triple animal offerings of Lusitania (i.e. porcom - oilam - taurom ). The author suggests two new Italo-Lusitanian equations in theonymy (namely: 1. Lusit. Laebo = Lat. Laribus , 2. Reve = Lat. Ioui , Osk. diuvei ). Both comparisons are firmly documented by the Latin-Lusitanian texts, and additionally the latter bears a close resemblance of the formations (the same innovational declension stem * dyeu -, not * diu -) and an interesting exclusiveness of the epithets (e.g. Lusit. Reve Laraucu = Lat. Ioui Ladico [both dedications from Orense]). The phonological development of IE. * d to Lusit. r , documented by 4 different instances (2 indubitable ones), occurs in some Italic languages, but it is absent from the Celtic language world.

Highlights

  • Lusitanian, the Pre-Celtic Indo-European language of the Hispanic Peninsula, demonstrates numerous similarities in theonymy to the Celtic areas, e.g. Lusit

  • Lusitanian is a scarcely attested Indo-European language from the Iberian Peninsula, which – in opposition to all the Celtic languages – preserved IE. *p both initially and medially, e.g

  • Apart from porcom, two other animal names are mentioned in the same document. Their equivalents are found in Celtic as well, but they differ in form from the Lusitanian words: 3) Lusit. taurom < IE. *tau3⁄4ros ‘bull’

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Summary

Introduction

Lusitanian, the Pre-Celtic Indo-European language of the Hispanic Peninsula, demonstrates numerous similarities in theonymy to the Celtic areas, e.g. Lusit. Lusitanian is a scarcely attested Indo-European language from the Iberian Peninsula Both above items (porcom and Trebopala) are attested in the Lusitanian inscription from Cabeço das Fráguas2.

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