Abstract
Quantum evolution is described by a unitary operator acting on a certain initial state. Thus, unitary dynamics is of central relevance when describing quantum systems. In the modern language of quantum information theory, global unitary operators can always be decomposed in a circuit model, composed of one- and two-qubit gates that are applied upon the qubits in a way depending on the specific unitary [1]. In most nontrivial cases, for a given unitary, some of the qubits are acted upon more than once.
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