Abstract
Standardization in smart grid communications is necessary to facilitate complex operations of modern power system functions. However, the strong coupling between the cyber and physical domains of the contemporary grid exposes the system to vulnerabilities and thus places more burden on standards’ developers. As such, standards need to be continuously assessed for reliability and are expected to be implemented properly on field devices. However, the actual implementation of common standards varies between vendors, which may lead to different behaviors of the devices even if present under similar conditions. The work in this paper tested the implementation of the International Electro-technical Commission’s Generic Object Oriented Substation Event GOOSE (IEC 61850 GOOSE) messaging protocol on commercial Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and the open source libiec61850 library—also used in commercial devices—which showed different behaviors in identical situations. Based on the test results and analysis of some features of the IEC 61850 GOOSE protocol itself, this paper proposes guidelines and recommendations for proper implementation of the standard functionalities.
Highlights
Communication protocols are the basis for determining how a cyber-physical system gathers information and sends it as control signals
The final message with a low status number (stNum) (2 < 3) was not processed. This is because libiec61850 has an IsValid() function which checks if the TimeAllowedToLive timeout is not elapsed and if GOOSE messages were received with correct state and sequence IDs [16]
Until the standards cover this issue, it is up to the substation’s network administrators to make sure that only authenticated devices are allowed to communicate via Testing of two different available implementations of the International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 61850 GOOSE messaging protocol was performed on commercial IEC 61850-based devices and on the open source libiec61850 library
Summary
Communication protocols are the basis for determining how a cyber-physical system gathers information and sends it as control signals. Intricate interdependencies between the cyber and physical components of a cyber-physical system increase the difficulty of devising communication protocols that ensure proper information flow in such systems, and complicates the design process of control algorithms. In order to solve the information flow modelling problem and facilitate the design of cyber-physical smart grid applications, various data communication standards were developed for different parts of the smart grid. An essential part in power generation and distribution processes, this work focuses on data modelling, the IEC 61850 communication standard in Substation Automation Systems (SAS). IEC 61850 maps the data to three different protocols based on the application: the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) protocol is used for control and automation functions whereas the Generic Object Oriented.
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