On the homogenization and up-scaling of a discrete element method model

Abstract

A Distinct Element Method (DEM) up-scaling framework is presented that estimates the parameters of a continuum constitutive model that best captures the salient features of naturally fractured rock (NFR) behaviour. Up-scaling is achieved using homogenized DEM stress–strain curves and a particle swarm optimization algorithm followed by a Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by up-scaling a DEM model of a NFR to a Drucker–Prager damage-plasticity model. The up-scaled continuum model is shown to compare well (<5% error) with direct numerical simulation in a slope stability analysis and requires two orders of magnitude less computational effort.