Abstract
It is shown that the theory of representations of the Poincaré group applied to the vector potentials of a massless field yields in a simple and direct way (without assuming that the field is a gauge field, and without detailed assumption on the form of the equation of motion), the structure of the polarizations, the Gupta–Bleuler condition, and gauge invariance of the theory. The method is shown to apply to the Maxwell field and to a five-dimensional generalization of the Maxwell field (which properly contains the Maxwell theory) associated with manifestly covariant dynamics.
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