On the Geology of a Portion of the Himalaya Mountains near Subathoo

Abstract

The section which accompanies this paper is an approximation drawn up partly from memory, and in part from my notes. The line is taken in a general way in a direction from S.W. to N.E., and does not pretend to be very exact. Having thus premised, I shall attempt to describe the rock formations, starting from the most recent, viz. the Siwalic Range of hills. No. 1 of the Section marks the old beach of the Tertiary sea which formerly covered North-Western India, and is composed of a thick bed of rounded water-worn boulders, which gradually thin off towards the plains. No. 2 is the Siwalic Range of sandstone hills (Miocene?) so ably described and illustrated by Falconer and Cautley in their ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis.’ I may here add, that the same sandstone is prolonged in a north-westerly direction viâ Kote-Kangra to and beyond Jumboo, and in that direction occupies a much greater superficial area, extending even to the old Fort of Rotas on the road from Jelum to Attock. The Pinjore Valley (No. 3), like that of Deyrah Dhoon, is filled to a great depth with rounded water-worn boulders, beneath which the Siwalic beds are masked. At Buddee, sandstone (No. 4), not unlike that of the Siwalics, appears at the surface, but I have never found fossils in it, and all connection with the Siwalic beds is concealed beneath the boulders of the Pinjore Valley. Hence rise the lower and outer hills of the Himalayas. At No. 5 of