ON THE EXPLICIT FORMULA IN THE THEORY OF PRIME NUMBERS

Abstract

In [Complements to Li's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis, J. Number Theory77 (1999) 274–287] Bombieri and Lagarias observed the remarkable identity [1 - (1 - 1/s)n] + [1 - (1 - 1/(1 - s))n] = [1 - (1 - 1/s)n]⋅[1 - (1 - 1/(1 - s))n], and pointed out that the positivity in Li's criterion [The positivity of a sequence of numbers and the Riemann hypothesis, J. Number Theory65 (1997) 325–333] has the same meaning as in Weil's criterion [Sur les "formules explicites" de la théorie des nombres premiers, in Oeuvres Scientifiques, Collected Paper, Vol. II (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979), pp. 48–61]. Let λn = ∑ρ[1 - (1 - 1/ρ)n] for n = 1, 2, …, where ρ runs over the complex zeros of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s). In this note, a certain truncation of λn is expressed as Weil's explicit formula [Sur les "formules explicites" de la théorie des nombres premiers, in Oeuvres Scientifiques, Collected Paper, Vol. II (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979), pp. 48–61] for each positive integer n. By using the Bombieri and Lagarias' identity, we prove that the positivity of these truncations implies the Riemann hypothesis. If these truncations have suitable upper bounds, we prove that all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line.