Abstract
Abstract Sequential deprotonation of the Cr 3 + hexahydrate in an alkaline environment up to the stage of a charge-neutral active hydroxide was studied via density functional theory. The deprotonation could be characterized as autocatalytic since upon completion of every H-abstraction stage, Cr was found to mediate O–H dissociation in the next stage by pre-conditioning the ligand O atom that contributes the highest 2s density into Cr-4s based molecular orbitals; the latter amounts to a greater Cr–O distance due to increased charge density along the Cr–O axis. A direct effect of such Cr-4s/O-2s mixing is the reduction of electronegativity of the ligand-O atom and a corresponding high Voronoi deformation density (VDD) of the attached ligand-H atoms. Based on bonding energy decomposition, a facial to meridional isomer ratio of between 2:1 and 3:1 was derived as the most probable stereochemical mix of the active hydroxide; the latter forms, by mutual donation and acceptance, six hydrogen bonds with second hydration shell molecules.
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