On the effects of tip deflection in flapping propulsion

Abstract

The research described in this paper is inspired by the fact that nature’s flyers and swimmers use a wide variety of control mechanisms in order to produce the impulse and the thrust required in each situation they are involved in. This control is made through complex passive and active mechanisms that are used to impose the desired momentum transfer in their wake.Experiments have been performed with a flapping system that allows to set different inclinations to the tip of a robotic fin. Direct force measurements and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) have been used to study the propulsive performance for the different tip configurations investigated. The effects of the geometry of the tip and the kinematics imposed to the fin on the impulse generated, are discussed in detail. We show how the capacity of the system to produce impulse can be altered by imposing certain tip geometries that imply small local changes of the trailing edge. The modified tip geometries are closely related to the way vortices evolve in the near wake region and therefore how momentum is transferred to the wake. We have found that the configurations that produce the highest impulses have the tip deflected to the suction side of the system while flapping. The dynamic control of the tip allows changes in the impulse generated.