Abstract
Various numerical parameters such as element size, mesh topology, element formulations effect the prediction accuracy of sheet metal forming simulations and wrong selection of these parameters can lead to inaccurate predictions. Therefore, selection of proper numerical parameters is crucial for obtaining of realistic results from finite element (FE) analyses. In the present work, influence of the number of through-thickness integration points from the numerical parameters was investigated on the cup drawing simulation. Highly anisotropic AA 2090-T3 aluminum alloy was selected as test material and the anisotropic behavior of the material was defined with Barlat 91 yield criterion. Firstly, cup drawing model was created with implicit code Marc and then FE analyses were performed with five, seven and nine layers to investigate the effect of number of through-thickness integration points. The computed earing profiles and thickness strain distributions were compared with measurements. Comparisons showed that it effects the maximum cup height and thickness strain distribution along the rolling direction.
Highlights
Governments force automotive companies to reduce exhaust emissions and improve fuel efficiency
Unlike Hill’s models, Barlat et al developed various anisotropic yield functions for Al alloys that these functions are referred as Yld89 [6], Yld91 [7], Yld96 [8], Yld2000-2d [9] and Yld2004 [10] in the literature
The predicted earing profiles and thickness strain distributions were compared with measurements to evaluate the influence of number of through-thickness integration points on the results
Summary
Governments force automotive companies to reduce exhaust emissions and improve fuel efficiency. (Yld91) yield criterion and performed FE analyses of the bulge and cup drawing tests They compared the predicted bulge profiles, cup height and thickness values with exper= i- Sαβ. With solid-shell elements and Yld yield criterion [15] They Linear transformation of the deviatoric symmetric stress applied the model to predict earing and obtained a good ag- tensor can be expressed as follows for plane stress condireement with experimental results. −Sxx − S yy performed FE simulations of cup drawing tests with Hill, Yld and Yld2004 yield functions for AA2090-T3 alloy and obtained closer results with non-quadratic yield functions to the experiments. Anisotropy of the material was defined with Yld yield criterion and FE analyses were carried out with different number of integration points. Depending on the yield stresses along three directions (00, 450 and 900) and equibiaxial yield stress (σb ) these equations are written as following:
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