Abstract
The idea of dragging a viscous fluid by another kind of fluid via the shear stress has fascinated the scientists and engineers. The dependence of the drag effect on the physical parameters of the two immiscible fluids is very much desired but still challenging. In this research, three different kinds of fluids are employed to drag a pure fluid between vertical parallel channel walls, that is, the viscous fluid, the non-Newtonian power-law fluid, and the nanofluid. The drag effects of two-layer fluids are investigated by comparing the velocity fields and the mean velocity curve. Essential parameters determining the dragging efficiencies of the driven fluid are studied systematically: the drag effects of the density ratio p, the thermal conductivity ratio k, the thermal expansion coefficient ratio b, and the viscosity ratio m of the two-layer fluids are focused. Both dilatant flows and pseudo-plastic fluids are considered in driving the viscous fluid. When the pure fluid is driven by the nanofluid, the single-phase model is adopted. The example of 47 nm-Al2O3 nanoparticles suspended in water is analyzed for demonstration: the thermal expansion, the effective viscosity, and the effective thermal conductivity are dependent of the concentration of nanofluid, which makes the nanoparticle volume fraction ϕ a major concern in the drag effects. The findings in the paper reveal several potential strategies to promise high effectiveness on fluid driving via interface shear, which we hope will inspire engineers and researchers in relative working fields.
Highlights
In engineering applications, researchers tend to use different strategies to drive fluids, such as imposing external forces or fields of force
By translating and scaling the calculating domain, the above equations and boundary conditions will be rearranged as several first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
We adopt three kinds of different fluids to drive a viscous fluid between vertical parallel plates: viscous fluid, non-Newtonian power-law fluid, and nanofluid
Summary
Researchers tend to use different strategies to drive fluids, such as imposing external forces or fields of force. The topic about immiscible fluids has been investigated in many research fields, such as magnetic-fluid dynamics, petroleum industry, plasmaphysics, and geophysics These researches involve multiple fluid transport systems in engineering equipment, for example, heat exchangers, nuclear reactors, and space machines.[1] The investigation of dragging one fluid by another via the viscous shear stress in this research can provide some support and data for already existing practical applications. Lin et al.[10] modified the Fick’s diffusion law for non-Newtonian power-law fluids by supposing the concentration field of fluid flow was similar to the velocity one They adopted this modified law to investigate the laminar steady boundary layer of the power-law fluid over a wall considering suction/injection effects, and obtained referable results and conclusions. We carry out a numerical analysis, and the velocity fields and the mean velocity curves of different types of driving fluids are compared and provided
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