Abstract
In Northern Holarctic, the liverwort genus Frullania includes 61 accepted species and at least ten undescribed new species making the genus the most diversified in that region. The presence of numerous endemics points to the role of the arising of new species, while the possible exchange between the continents through the Atlantic and Beringia land bridges resulted in species common for both North America and Eurasia.
Highlights
Frullania currently represents the sole extant genus of the family Frullaniaceae (Porellales, Jungermanniopsida) and the largest genus of liverworts (Marchantyophyta)
Frullania subarctica has been found in Arctic, Kola Peninsula, Siberia, and the Russian Far East [7, 8], while F. tamarisci is widely distributed in Europe and is known in Northeastern America
Frullania riparia is known in Europe, the Mountain States of the U.S.A. and in Eastern North America, while F. davurica is distributed in Southern and Eastern Siberia, the Russia Far East, and Alaska, perhaps in Japan, Korean Peninsula, and the North of China
Summary
Frullania currently represents the sole extant genus of the family Frullaniaceae (Porellales, Jungermanniopsida) and the largest genus of liverworts (Marchantyophyta). The Northern Nearctic (Canada and the U.S.A.) and Northern Palearctic (Europe, Siberia, the Russian Far East) – the parts of Northern Holarctic – have specific Frullania floras, which include both endemics and widely distributed species. In the 20th century, the treatments of Frullania in these regions utilized mainly the wide concept of some species (such as F. eboracensis, F. inflata, F. oakesiana, F. tamarisci), so that these species were known to have almost transcontinental distribution in both North America and Eurasia. Molecular phylogenetic studies published from the 2000s have provided narrow concepts of numerous taxa and increased the number of accepted species as well as the number of endemic ones [5,6,7,8,9]. The subgeneric and sectional assignments have been changed for some species, that changes the treatment of contribution of different Frullania subgenera to the liverwort flora of Northern Holarctic. The contribution of different Frullania subgenera is of varying significance in different regions
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